Climate change and its effects on the lithosphere-biosphere are among the leading research topics in geosciences with widespread implications in the socio-economical sector. The WEGETA project investigates the connection between vegetation, weathering patterns and climate in order to elucidate the fate of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world. The integrated multiproxy approach with palynology, clay mineralogy, main and trace elemental analysis, and organic carbon isotope analysis targets episodes from the Mesozoic to the Quaternary with similar climatic scenarios than those projected for the future with elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and global warming. Mesozoic anoxic and hyperthermal events are episodes with pronounced climate and environmental changes from deep time, while the Oligocene–Miocene records shifts between icehouse and hot house Earth conditions, and the latter Miocene climate evolution is among the closest past analogue of the ongoing climate change. The third study area is the Quaternary climate and vegetation history of the Adriatic that is tightly connected to human evolution. Local-regional versus global trends will be elucidated by comparing successions from Croatia, Italy, Serbia, Hungary, and China. New study areas will be explored in Croatia and Montenegro, and in the framework of the project the institute’s palynological laboratory will be modernized.