BASIC GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Geological Modeling
Geological modeling is a method which includes the gathering of geological data of the researched area, their interpretation and in the end creating of a geological model.
Geological model is the numerical parameterization of the surface and the underworld of the investigated area, which is displayed by the three-dimensional visualizations.
Input data includes all types of spatial data in raster and vector form and geological, geophysical and geotechnical data. Geological modeling is a process that implies complex processing and interpretation of these data in specialized computer software, resulting in 3D geological model. Models are used to obtain detailed insights into geological relationships and processes, such as spatial positions and structure orientations, lithofacies position and architecture (stratigraphic and lithological units) and space-time mechanisms and precipitation conditions (data on geodynamic processes) and other. Geological modeling therefore requires interdisciplinary approach and knowledge in the field of geophysics, structural geology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, sequential stratigraphy, but also from other fields of geology. At the Croatian Geological Survey, geological modeling is carried out for the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia, as an integral part of the regional and local fundamental geological research of the Earth's crust. With a frequent use in scientifical research, geological models are inevitable in applied research of:
- shallow aquifers
- deeper aquifers with geothermal water
- hydrocarbon reservoirs
- underground energy, gas reservoirs
Most used input data in geological modeling are:
- Geophysical data (2D Reflex and refractive seismic, 3D reflective seismic, carotage measurements in wells, gravimetric and seismological data),
- Borehole data (geological and geotechnical interpretation of the core, "Master log"),
- Surface data (geological maps, geological profiles, geological columns, surface measurements, etc.),
- Spatial data (GIS) in raster (DEM, DMR, DTM, topographic maps, geological and other thematic maps, satellite and air shots) and vector form (geological units and borders, roads, watercourses),
- Data collected by remote sensing (interpretated photogrammetric, multispectral, laser and radar data).
Computer software used for geological modeling: Petex Move, Academic License Schlumberger Petre, Academic License Skua-GoCad, Academic License Landmark Decisionpace Geosciences.
Computer software used for data interpretation: ESRI ArcGis, Quantumgis, Adobe Illustrator, Corel.
The geological model of the Zagreb geothermal aquifer (under construction), the result of the work package 1 (WP1) of the Geotwinn project
Geological model of Ćićarija with a typical onlay structure of Cretaceous and Paleogenic deposits of external Dinarides (under construction), result of work package 1 (WP1), Geotwinn project.
The geological model of the Zagreb grpundwater aquifers, with the clastic alluvial deposits of aquifers and the Neogene rocks in the base, the result of the work package 1 (WP1), the Geotwinn project.
Display of the distribution of deposition environment by using RMS attribute analysis of reflex seismic data on mapped stratigraphic area (used program - Sclumberger PETREL for the purpose of doctoral research).
The geological model of two fault surfaces along which are the hypocenters of the main and accompanying earthquakes recorded in the wider Zagreb area on March 22, 2020, developed by a methodology developed on the Geosequa project.
Display of mapped area in the northern Adriatic (Project GEOSEKVA, Croatian Science foundation).
